Prostitution in China
ऀऀऀ㰀瀀㸀㰀栀㸀倀攀漀瀀氀攀✀猀 刀攀瀀甀戀氀椀挀 漀昀 䌀栀椀渀愀㰀⼀栀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀The People's Republic of China (P.R.C.) is a source, transit, and destination country for men and women trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labor. Children are trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation. The majority of trafficking in P.R.C. is internal, but there is also considerable international trafficking of P.R.C. citizens to Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, and North America, which often occurs within a larger flow of human smuggling. Women are lured through false promises of legitimate employment only to be forced into commercial sexual exploitation largely in Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, and Japan. There also are cases involving P.R.C. men and women smuggled into destination countries throughout the world at an enormous personal financial cost and then forced into commercial sexual exploitation or exploitative labor in order to repay debts to traffickers. Women and children are trafficked into China from Mongolia, Burma, North Korea, Russia, and Vietnam for forced labor, marriage, and prostitution. Most North Koreans seeking to leave North Korea enter northeastern China voluntarily, but some of these individuals, after they enter P.R.C. in a vulnerable, undocumented status, are then sold into prostitution, marriage, or forced labor.
ऀऀऀ㰀瀀㸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀最漀甀洀愀椀ⴀ搀漀渀最最攀ⴀ愀氀椀⸀挀漀洀∀㸀䐀漀洀攀猀琀椀挀 琀爀愀昀昀椀挀欀椀渀最 爀攀洀愀椀渀猀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀 椀渀 䌀栀椀渀愀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 愀渀 攀猀琀椀洀愀琀攀搀 洀椀渀椀洀甀洀 漀昀 Ⰰ 琀漀 ㈀ Ⰰ 瘀椀挀琀椀洀猀 琀爀愀昀昀椀挀欀攀搀 椀渀琀攀爀渀愀氀氀礀 攀愀挀栀 礀攀愀爀⸀ 䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀猀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀愀琀 㤀 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀 愀爀攀 眀漀洀攀渀 愀渀搀 挀栀椀氀搀爀攀渀Ⰰ 琀爀愀昀昀椀挀欀攀搀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀椀氀礀 昀爀漀洀 䄀渀栀甀椀Ⰰ 䠀攀渀愀渀Ⰰ 䠀甀渀愀渀Ⰰ 匀椀挀栀甀愀渀Ⰰ 夀甀渀渀愀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䜀甀椀稀栀漀甀 倀爀漀瘀椀渀挀攀猀 琀漀 瀀爀漀猀瀀攀爀漀甀猀 瀀爀漀瘀椀渀挀攀猀 愀氀漀渀最 倀⸀刀⸀䌀⸀✀猀 攀愀猀琀 挀漀愀猀琀 昀漀爀 猀攀砀甀愀氀 攀砀瀀氀漀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 圀栀椀氀攀 椀琀 椀猀 搀椀昀昀椀挀甀氀琀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀 椀昀 倀⸀刀⸀䌀⸀✀猀 洀愀氀攀ⴀ昀攀洀愀氀攀 戀椀爀琀栀 爀愀琀椀漀 椀洀戀愀氀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 洀漀爀攀 洀愀氀攀猀 琀栀愀渀 昀攀洀愀氀攀猀Ⰰ 椀猀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀氀礀 愀昀昀攀挀琀椀渀最 琀爀愀昀昀椀挀欀椀渀最 漀昀 眀漀洀攀渀 昀漀爀 戀爀椀搀攀猀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 攀砀瀀攀爀琀猀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 栀愀猀 愀氀爀攀愀搀礀 漀爀 洀愀礀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 愀 挀漀渀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀渀最 昀愀挀琀漀爀⸀㰀⼀愀㸀 㰀⼀瀀㸀The Government of P.R.C. does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so. China is placed on Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year for its failure to show evidence of increasing efforts to improve comprehensive victim protection services and address trafficking for involuntary servitude. China made improvements in some areas, such as by sustaining efforts to enforce its laws against trafficking and showing some improvements in victim care in key geographic locations by building shelters to provide trafficking victims with short-term care. It failed, however, to improve comprehensive victim assistance in a number of locations and continued to treat North Korean victims of trafficking as economic migrants, routinely deporting them back to horrendous conditions in North Korea. China improved its cross-border anti-trafficking cooperation with Vietnam and at times cooperated with the United States law enforcement agencies on select human smuggling cases. The two sides established a working group on human smuggling under the framework of the U.S.-China Joint Liaison Group on law enforcement cooperation. China's efforts to combat trafficking for forced labor remained inadequate. China should take significant measures to improve in these areas; revise its anti-trafficking provisions to align with its international obligations, including prohibiting the commercial sexual exploitation of children under age 18 and all forms of forced labor; and proceed with its plans to finalize and adopt the National Action Plan.
ऀऀऀ㰀瀀㸀㰀栀㸀倀爀漀猀攀挀甀琀椀漀渀㰀⼀栀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀China sustained its record of criminal law enforcement against traffickers over the reporting period, though government data is difficult to verify and appears to conflate trafficking with human smuggling and illegal adoptions. P.R.C. law criminalizes forced prostitution, abduction, and the commercial sexual exploitation of girls under 14 through its criminal code. Prescribed penalties under these provisions, including life imprisonment and the death penalty, are sufficiently stringent to deter and commensurate with those prescribed for grave crimes. China does not prohibit commercial sexual exploitation involving coercion or fraud, nor does it prohibit all forms of trafficking, such as debt bondage. While Article 244 of its criminal code bans forced labor by employers, the prescribed penalties of up to three years' imprisonment and/or a fine under this law are not sufficiently stringent, though serious cases can draw harsher penalties. During the reporting period, China reported investigating 3,371 cases of trafficking of women and children. These figures, however, may include cases of child abduction for adoption, which is not considered a trafficking offense for Report evaluation purposes, or human smuggling. Throughout the country, provincial governments rescued 371 victims and arrested 415 suspected traffickers. Between June and September 2006, China improved cooperation with Vietnamese authorities, jointly disrupting 13 trafficking networks and rescuing 193 victims. The government reportedly launched similar operations with Thailand and Burma in late 2006. China did not provide data for its overall conviction record; at least six traffickers were convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment in December 2006 in Anhui Province.
ऀऀऀ㰀瀀㸀䤀渀瘀漀氀甀渀琀愀爀礀 猀攀爀瘀椀琀甀搀攀 漀昀 䌀栀椀渀攀猀攀 渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 䌀栀椀渀愀 愀渀搀 愀戀爀漀愀搀 瀀攀爀猀椀猀琀攀搀Ⰰ 琀栀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 攀砀琀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀 椀猀 甀渀搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 最漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀 愀渀礀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀爀爀攀猀琀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 瀀爀漀猀攀挀甀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 漀昀昀攀渀猀攀⸀ 䄀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀猀 椀渀 䌀栀椀渀愀✀猀 漀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀 洀攀搀椀愀Ⰰ 椀渀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 昀漀甀爀 挀愀猀攀猀Ⰰ 䌀栀椀渀愀 椀洀瀀漀猀攀搀 瀀爀椀猀漀渀 猀攀渀琀攀渀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 昀椀渀攀猀 愀最愀椀渀猀琀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀爀猀 眀栀漀 爀攀猀琀爀椀挀琀攀搀 琀栀攀 昀爀攀攀搀漀洀 漀昀 洀椀最爀愀渀琀 眀漀爀欀攀爀猀⸀ 伀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀椀渀最 瀀攀爀椀漀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䴀椀渀椀猀琀爀礀 漀昀 䰀愀戀漀爀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 椀琀猀 昀漀爀挀攀 漀昀 昀甀氀氀ⴀ 愀渀搀 瀀愀爀琀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 氀愀戀漀爀 椀渀猀瀀攀挀琀漀爀猀 琀漀 猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀攀渀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 琀漀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 挀漀攀爀挀椀瘀攀 眀漀爀欀 瀀爀愀挀琀椀挀攀猀⸀ 䄀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 䌀栀椀渀攀猀攀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 栀愀猀 挀爀愀挀欀攀搀 搀漀眀渀 漀渀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 挀漀爀爀甀瀀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 椀琀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀 挀漀渀挀攀爀琀攀搀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 琀漀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀攀 愀渀搀 瀀甀渀椀猀栀 最漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 漀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀猀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀愀氀氀礀 昀漀爀 挀漀洀瀀氀椀挀椀琀礀 椀渀 琀爀愀昀昀椀挀欀椀渀最⸀ 㰀⼀瀀㸀Protection
ऀऀऀ㰀瀀㸀䌀栀椀渀愀 洀愀搀攀 洀漀搀攀猀琀 瀀爀漀最爀攀猀猀 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀椀渀最 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀 瘀椀挀琀椀洀猀 漀昀 琀爀愀昀昀椀挀欀椀渀最Ⰰ 昀漀挀甀猀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 愀琀琀攀渀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 椀琀猀 瘀甀氀渀攀爀愀戀氀攀 猀漀甀琀栀攀爀渀 戀漀爀搀攀爀 瀀爀漀瘀椀渀挀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 䴀椀渀椀猀琀爀礀 漀昀 倀甀戀氀椀挀 匀攀挀甀爀椀琀礀 ⠀䴀倀匀⤀ 爀攀瀀漀爀琀攀搀 漀瀀攀渀椀渀最 琀眀漀 䈀漀爀搀攀爀 䰀椀愀椀猀漀渀 伀昀昀椀挀攀猀 ⠀䈀䰀伀⤀ 愀氀漀渀最 琀栀攀 戀漀爀搀攀爀 眀椀琀栀 䈀甀爀洀愀 愀渀搀 嘀椀攀琀渀愀洀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀愀氀氀 漀昀 ㈀ 㘀⸀ 吀栀攀 䈀䰀伀猀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 猀栀漀爀琀ⴀ琀攀爀洀 猀栀攀氀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 挀愀渀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 挀愀爀攀⸀ 圀椀琀栀 愀猀猀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䄀氀氀ⴀ䌀栀椀渀愀 圀漀洀攀渀✀猀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 ⠀䄀䌀圀䘀⤀Ⰰ 愀 最漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀ⴀ昀甀渀搀攀搀 愀渀搀 搀椀爀攀挀琀攀搀 渀愀琀椀漀渀眀椀搀攀 猀漀挀椀愀氀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 瘀椀挀琀椀洀猀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀渀 愀猀猀椀猀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 爀攀瀀愀琀爀椀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䴀倀匀 漀昀昀椀挀攀爀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 䈀䰀伀猀 栀愀瘀攀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀攀搀氀礀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 琀爀愀椀渀椀渀最 琀漀 栀攀氀瀀 琀栀攀洀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 琀爀愀昀昀椀挀欀椀渀最 瘀椀挀琀椀洀猀⸀ 䄀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䄀䌀圀䘀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀猀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 漀瀀攀渀攀搀 猀栀攀氀琀攀爀猀 椀渀 䜀甀愀渀最砀椀Ⰰ 䨀椀愀渀最猀甀Ⰰ 夀甀渀渀愀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 匀椀挀栀甀愀渀 倀爀漀瘀椀渀挀攀猀⸀ 倀爀漀瘀椀渀挀椀愀氀 愀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀椀攀猀 椀渀 䜀甀愀渀最砀椀 愀氀猀漀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 愀 䈀漀爀搀攀爀 吀爀愀昀昀椀挀欀椀渀最 䄀椀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 椀渀 䘀攀戀爀甀愀爀礀 ㈀ 㘀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀猀 猀栀攀氀琀攀爀Ⰰ 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 挀愀爀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀栀漀爀琀ⴀ琀攀爀洀 爀攀栀愀戀椀氀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 甀瀀 琀漀 ㌀ 瘀椀挀琀椀洀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 圀漀洀攀渀✀猀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 一䜀伀猀 栀愀瘀攀 猀攀琀 甀瀀 渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀渀搀 爀攀最椀漀渀愀氀 栀漀琀氀椀渀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 栀攀氀瀀 眀漀洀攀渀 漀戀琀愀椀渀 氀攀最愀氀 愀搀瘀椀挀攀 愀渀搀 愀猀猀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀⸀ 㰀⼀瀀㸀Protection services remain temporary and inadequate to address victims' needs; for example, in Yunnan Province, victims of commercial sexual exploitation are not offered psychological assistance and are generally sent home after a few days. The government relies on organizations such as Save the Children to safely repatriate victims. China has taken steps to improve intra-governmental coordination and cooperation with organizations outside of government in the most vulnerable provinces.
ऀऀऀ㰀瀀㸀䌀栀椀渀愀 栀愀猀 琀愀欀攀渀 猀漀洀攀 猀琀攀瀀猀 琀漀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀 猀漀洀攀 昀漀爀攀椀最渀 愀渀搀 搀漀洀攀猀琀椀挀 琀爀愀昀昀椀挀欀椀渀最 瘀椀挀琀椀洀猀Ⰰ 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀氀礀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀搀 挀爀漀猀猀ⴀ戀漀爀搀攀爀 挀漀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 一攀瘀攀爀琀栀攀氀攀猀猀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 琀爀愀昀昀椀挀欀椀渀最 瘀椀挀琀椀洀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 猀漀洀攀 洀愀椀渀氀愀渀搀 䌀栀椀渀攀猀攀 瘀椀挀琀椀洀猀 爀攀瀀愀琀爀椀愀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 吀愀椀眀愀渀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀昀昀椀挀欀椀渀最 瘀椀挀琀椀洀猀 昀爀漀洀 一漀爀琀栀 䬀漀爀攀愀Ⰰ 栀愀瘀攀 昀愀挀攀搀 瀀甀渀椀猀栀洀攀渀琀猀㬀 漀爀Ⰰ 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀愀猀攀 漀昀 一漀爀琀栀 䬀漀爀攀愀渀猀 眀栀漀洀 䌀栀椀渀愀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀猀 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 洀椀最爀愀渀琀猀Ⰰ 猀礀猀琀攀洀愀琀椀挀 搀攀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀 最漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 昀漀爀攀椀最渀 瘀椀挀琀椀洀猀 眀椀琀栀 氀攀最愀氀 愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀瘀攀猀 琀漀 爀攀洀漀瘀愀氀 琀漀 挀漀甀渀琀爀椀攀猀 椀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀礀 洀愀礀 昀愀挀攀 栀愀爀搀猀栀椀瀀 漀爀 爀攀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀⸀ 圀漀洀攀渀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 瀀爀漀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀 愀爀攀Ⰰ 椀渀 洀愀渀礀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀猀Ⰰ 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀挀愀氀氀礀 琀爀攀愀琀攀搀 愀猀 挀爀椀洀椀渀愀氀猀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 愀搀攀焀甀愀琀攀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 琀漀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 愀渀礀 愀爀攀 瘀椀挀琀椀洀猀 漀昀 琀爀愀昀昀椀挀欀椀渀最⸀ 吀栀攀 䴀倀匀 猀琀愀琀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 䌀栀椀渀攀猀攀 琀爀愀昀昀椀挀欀椀渀最 瘀椀挀琀椀洀猀 爀攀琀甀爀渀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 愀戀爀漀愀搀 眀攀爀攀 渀漀琀 瀀甀渀椀猀栀攀搀 漀爀 昀椀渀攀搀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀 䄀䌀圀䘀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 昀爀漀洀 瀀甀渀椀猀栀洀攀渀琀 椀猀 漀渀氀礀 漀渀 愀渀 愀搀 栀漀挀 戀愀猀椀猀 眀椀琀栀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀 昀爀漀洀 䄀䌀圀䘀 猀琀愀昀昀⸀ 㰀⼀瀀㸀